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Wood Based Panel Industry China
Under normal circumstances, performance of industrial development in foreign markets are more likely to competitors foreign and domestic attention from the industry itself, as the industry of our country's wood panel, improve its competitive position despite the dominant, recessive but the level is still a lot of implicit 问题. Therefore, it is necessary to combine the impact of the competitiveness of the industry of wood based panels, many elements of the analysis of the causes of the state of the competitiveness of the industry.
(A) With respect to natural resources,
China is the largest producer of wood panels. While industry of wood-based panels, which really belong to the resource-dependent industries. Lack of funding national natural resources, international environmental voice of the tragic situation caused by imports of raw materials and increased tension between the needs social, determine the limitations of the Chinese industry of wood based panels and the company to survive the difficult nature. wood panels highlighted the lack of wood raw material is reflected in the following aspects: 1. As the project to protect natural forests in the implementation of major ecological engineering, production China's timber is gradually reduced, 2. Resources structural deficiency: Plywood material class with large diameter hardwood, especially of valuable timber, are alarmingly scarce. For a long time mainly depend on import. grade timber of large diameter, mainly in Africa, Latin America, Southeast Asia and other regions, but in these areas in recent years, a sharp decline of tropical timber resources.
3. Matter building base premium: While China's rapid growth forest base construction in the 20th century and the mid-80s, has been a rapid development. But they are concentrated in a number of ecologically sensitive areas is not adequate to provide timber. Other. Paper as raw material swallowed by the rapid development shortage of wood raw materials necessary for the intensification of the conflict. Lack of resources has led to our records, plywood and other prices wood above the average world market. For wood panels in a state of low profitability of the industry is concerned, the narrow room for movement towards down with the high cost of making the industrial development of wood-based panels is very limited, the competition in a very unfavorable position. raw material shortages is affecting the international competitiveness of Chinese wood panels industry, the major disadvantage factor.
(B) With respect to labor costs
Although wages in recent years, China's analysis of employment status, work year after year increase costs, but the use of our wood panel industry, total annual average wages and salaries Cheng June 1 downward trend. In 2005, for example, China's processing, wood and bamboo and rattan grass palm products industry professionals and workers in the post in 2004 a decrease of 0.1% compared with 2003 decreased by 0.16% and 0.14% the average annual wage of employees in 8739 is only yuan, while in 2003 an increase of more than 0.16%, but still very low. In general, labor costs in developed countries 1 / 10.
Plywood with profiles of intensive work, as the primary processing of products and products low range have obvious advantages. However, with India, Pakistan, Indonesia and other countries in recent years compared to the advantage of China's wage cost gradually lost. Moreover, with today's demanding noise to improve the remuneration of workers, labor costs, labor force growth rate has made the prospect the advantage is not optimistic.
(C) As to the quality of work
While wood panels in the world and industries are capital-intensive industries technology, but based on China's timber industry demands quality panel of labor is low, which is the situation of the wood panel industries are inseparable. wood-based panel industry in China in order to really get a competitive edge internationally, must be formed through the integration of labor resources, human capital, depend on the workforce, labor skills, diligence, discipline, organization, capacity for cooperation and innovation, etc to improve overall quality, improve corporate governance and R & D efforts. At present, China and the world a huge gap between labor productivity between developed countries. As a whole belongs to the structure inefficient.
Despite our human resources capital, low price, but by human capital in these projects, the percentage of total product cost is usually around 15%. Therefore, the low efficiency offset some or all of the benefits of human capital and efficiency are often the contribution the costs of employment. Therefore, a shift to the efficiency of the industrial structure, means that the timber industry reshuffle.
(D) With respect to capital
wood-based panel industry China has sufficient capital investment, capital intensity is low and weaker capital strength. For example, companies developed countries in R & D capital investment is generally 5% to 10% more high-tech companies in R & D, China's overall R & D of less than 1%, and wood processing enterprises of less than R & D capital investment. Would you like by controlling the resources needed to reduce product costs, ensuring product research and development, quality improvement, technological innovation, scale, marketing, etc have greater investment to effectively increase the international competitiveness of wood-based panels is very difficult.
(5) With respect to science and technology
For a long time, China's wood panel of science and technology innovation focused on universities and research institutes, companies have been marginalized especially the company's own human resources and research and development capabilities are weak, innovation environment and conditions affected by a number of factors. wood-based panel manufacturers China team in the scale of production, automatic control, testing and automation and control, with the substantial difference between the international level, particularly in the host device and the key innovation of technology and lack of capacity, long-term monitoring and imitation in level, lack of technology staff. At present, the new large-scale continuous production lines press dependent on imports.
China and Asia's largest production line continuous press in 2006 was put into operation in the city of Sanming, Fujian Province, the largest sub-Wood (Fujian) Co., Ltd. submitted particle production line annual capacity of 450,000 cubic meters, compared with global production line of boards most advanced particle 70 million cubic meters of annual production capacity of the gap is enormous.
(Vi) With respect to product mix
Currently, wood-based panel of China's product structure is not entirely fair, it is difficult to adapt to changing market demands: high quality large diameter proportion of classes of wood as raw material of wood is too large. Accounted for 40% of total wood-based panel. While the world average is only 30%: The collection and waste treatment, urban waste wood as feedstock, the proportion of smaller particle board. only 9% of total world average of about 35%: OSB, high-performance composite panels, panels without wood-based adhesive, non-timber plant resources and products of straw board such as the proportion is low, special purpose board, the special board size, board molded leaf and environmentally friendly production of small industry, wood panels in China is not conducive to a comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development.
This not only prevents the use of the product areas to expand and prolong service life, but also a direct impact on improving the economic efficiency of enterprises. It should be clear that with the adjustment policies and market demand, China's wood based panel produced a significant change in product mix, new products, new resources will be one after another. To promote a variety functionals, such structural panels used for further development, plywood, fibreboard, particle board and other wood in the proportion of production of wood-based panels gradually tend to rationalize.
(Vii) As regards the scale of production
China's current plywood is more 6,000 companies, of which 90% the size of the annual production of 10,000 cubic meters, then only a few to reach an annual production 20,000 cubic meters or more. Spring Cottage factories everywhere, companies with low productivity, small scale, with the Chinese industry of wood based panels, lack of funds, the technical level and backward are mutually reinforcing. Small Business sales revenue is low. With limited funding. Able to apply advanced technologies and equipment, while the backward technology and equipment can not be achieved, of course, large-scale operation, the extremely low cost. Therefore, companies do not have the economies of scale. Industry, the lack of a super-competitive industry giant, can not be achieved double internal and external economies of scale, which restricts competition Chinese international industry of wood based panels, update key.
(VIII) As for brands
For a long time because production and operations management of non-standard and market turmoil, China's wood paneling counterfeit products flooding. The violation of the rules manufacturers and consumers. system of quality assurance throughout the industry is not perfect, products, reputation and market share of lower corporate image poor, less well known-brands as a serious problem. However, steady progress in recent years, like the wood panel industry, companies are strengthening brand awareness gradually: in the production of medium / high-fiber board density as the representative of the beauty of Zhejiang, Luyuan and other companies in the whole sector to form a certain scale and impact of the industry. has entered a positive phase of development.
In the production of plywood. Rebellion Zhejiang Province to Naruhito Group, Germany and China Bunny Huayun Feng, Hangzhou Huahai, Zhong-Lin (Southern Star) of wood, Shigetomo, wood Nagata, and a group has a leadership role in the companies of the pair in a container floor with plywood, decorative plywood, Blockboard, the structure of the strong connection with plywood. "The brand strategy" as an effective means to achieve high added value companies is becoming wood panels in China for the international market, a useful tool to gain competitive advantage.
(Ix) As regards the market for domestic demand
The long-term stable growth of China's national economy, GDP has continued to increase the total, the state continued to expand domestic demand and adopt a proactive fiscal policy, quality of life has improved steadily, domestic demand continued to increase wood panels. The development of the West, increasing group of the central city of China, the provinces coastal to promote the construction of small towns and cities, the Three Gorges project and the implementation of water diversion, the institutions of the enrollment in higher education. A large number of agricultural population stationed in cities and towns, making the development of a fast track construction, furniture, floors and consumption of other wood products is skyrocketing. In addition, the growing affluence of Chinese farmers also makes furniture consumption has soared. wood panels prospects for companies based in the China market wood panels to provide a good market environment. A domestic market demand more vigorous development of China's wood panel industry an advantage.
(10) With respect to environmental issues
Since the mid- 80 from the last century, China Wood-based panel industry, expanded the size of at least 25 times (in terms of performance). However, greeted not only based on the booming industry, as well as the production of wood panels on the surrounding environment caused by pollution, especially noise, odors, dust, and sewage and four other major problems. With their continued growth and exports increase every year, people's attention is no longer limited to production, quality and direct economic benefit, and not just focus on discussion of resource and energy problems, plywood "green" The problem is that Key affect their competitiveness in the new.
Thirdly, the international competitiveness of Chinese industry of wood based panels, the modernization strategy
With the global trend of economic integration deepens, the international mobility of forest resources increased significantly. These examples show that the environment of global integration resources, increased competitive industry advantage is to increase the international competitiveness of Chinese industry of wood based panels, Established: China paneled determining the competitiveness of industrial products in international market share. Chinese industry of wood based panels in order to obtain a change-oriented strategic international competitiveness, there are seven strategies to choose from.
(A) large-scale business strategy
Today, the tide of global economic integration to make a "strategic cooperative competition," gradually replaced the competition "exclusive" become the main mode of competition.然而. model of development of Chinese industry of wood based panels is in a state of internal friction: The interior of the driven business interests scattered strong tendency to maximize individual interests, it is difficult for industrial modernization and to provide a global power could lead to unsustainable industrial development. Therefore, we must take advantage of market mechanisms between firms upstream and downstream, the same level among firms, major companies and other companies and between companies in China wood panels with similar foreign companies, or between commercial companies and other wood-based industries The panel of strategic partnership between the competition to build strategic alliances among themselves to learn advanced technologies and management methods. coordination, coordination, to offset their own weaknesses and strengthen their own advantages, and ultimately improve the overall strength of the industry to conduct joint promotion industry's wood-based panels global development. Strategy should be applied industry cluster, to develop features of the city industry group wood-based.
wood panels industry, when to take the group conditions of the road. At present, China's wood-based panel business Private mainly through reorganization, merger, joint bankruptcy, debt to equity, and the development of a diversified economy ingredients absorbed through the formation of large enterprise groups, economies of scale, economic and technical as a link, complementary advantages, promote the reform of businesses and vigorously promote the fundamental change of economic growth, rapidly expanding industry, strength, improve their competitiveness.
(B) the export market selection strategy
A wood-based panel exports of the general arrangement of view, China's exports of plywood space to Asia, North America and Europe, mainly in the plywood and fibreboard Asia and North America, mainly from Asia and particulate based in Europe: Asia region with countries in Southeast Asia, based in the districts. mainly the United States, North America, Europe, Russia-based. In Generally, the destinations of exports of wood panels in China only, export concentration, a higher risk in international trade.
As Therefore, the policy-making panel wood-based business on the one hand, the depth of space to expand existing markets, improve participation in the existing product markets: Men, first to consolidate and strengthen existing international market, efforts to open new markets. to change the fate of exports and export a single centralized account, optimize the design of space export, reducing the risk of international trade. Import and export of products of wood-based panels in the market, the choice should be based on the geographical advantage of eastern and coastal areas of China is divided into several sub-markets, partition attack.
1. In the Northeast (Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, etc.) is the basis of a major industrial forest for the countries of Russia and Eastern Europe can make full use of the target market of the industrial structure malformations. The shortage of light industrial products, the characteristics of resource-rich forest import records and primary processed products mainly. At the same time can be used on the northeastern edge of raw materials, proximity to the establishment of the base production of wood-based panels and increase the wood base panels to the above objectives the country's exports 2. The east coast of funds, transport, information and the demand for human resources, etc. and the strength of solid wood panels for the product, a high level of demand in the region can promote the rapid development of the production of wood-based panels will help to further strengthen cooperation with North America (including the United States and Canada, etc.) of trade, while the main force that resources are invested in the development of Pacific Import and Export Market Western Europe for finished products, 3. should focus on strengthening ties with the Southeast Asian region.
(C), the industrial core of the selection strategy
Chinese industry wood panel consists of a number of distinctive sub-sector. These sub-industry in the international competitiveness of the industry contribution as a whole is different. Determine the industry leader is one of the most important industrial policies: First, the fiber as a new focus. cardboard industry is not present, the international competitiveness of China in Asia, industry panels over wood-based. Market share of the three "table" in the location in the center. However, since 2000 began to adjust their international competitive advantage of greater international competitive advantage has increased, completed from a type mutation import oriented trade balance, and export-led development.
Secondly, the development of plywood industry wood panel, the anchor. Plywood is now important wood panel industry based in China's most competitive industries, has maintained a relatively high share international markets, compared with other products of wood-based panels care about our country. Plywood exports showed the advantages compare are obvious scope for growth. It has close to export-oriented industries. The production and export volume increased year after year in the international market, a very important position. With the plywood as the anchor of the Chinese industry of wood based panels. It is determined by its roots deep historical, emphasizing the performance of industrial competition and industrial competitiveness excellent choice.
3 is a particle board for development of a new entry point for the industry of wood-based panels. Particle as a family, a species of wood board panel, in comparison with other wood-based panels, there has been a relatively small investment, energy consumption and low cost, less demanding on the quality of wood raw material and other benefits. In recent years all over the world, especially in North America and Europe to become the fastest growing new board type board wood. At present, China has entered a period of rapid development of production of particles. In the near future, particle board industry Wood based in China will be a place and have made an important development.
(D) of raw materials strategies for expanding the supply
China's industry of wood-based panels, plenty of room for market high demand. To increase the effective supply the biggest problem is resources. To resolve the problem: First, we must attach great importance to promote the development of reserve resources and the accelerated integration "Lin" board process to encourage companies to the base plate of raw materials for wood-based forest to synchronize the planning and construction simultaneously. Take the integration of the forest "board" path. That the wood-based panels to create a large-scale enterprise belonging to the company as the raw material for forest industry and to ensure input high, high survival and high performance for scientific education, work fine, careful handling. Can be distributed as follows: 1. The model own construction business base of raw materials.
2. Joint stock company business model. 3. Business and contract model style foresters. The second is to increase efforts to develop resources abroad: to persist in implementing the "exit" strategy to increase development abroad of forest resources, in order to alleviate the shortage of raw materials from China and to ensure the rapid development of Chinese industry panel wood, offers a new way of thinking. Third, strengthening the conservation and utilization of forest resources, efficient use: through the development board wood veneer-based, improved product life, indirectly, reduce resource consumption, development of bamboo and wood waste and waste Resource panel wood-based reuse technology. The development of cycle economy and achieve sustainable development, a necessary, but also for improve the competitiveness of businesses effectively.
At the same time, actively support materials other than wood, wood panels production as raw materials, mainly bamboo, agricultural residues, straw and sand, shrubs, and other inorganic or organic materials. Government initiatives to promoting the processing of waste and the use of resources, on one hand the political inclination. Through economic levers for a certain amount subsidies to farmers so that farmers take the initiative to provide agricultural waste to the plant: In addition, through tax policies stimulate the production of different crops in the zones, the creation of the appropriate size, reasonable and the design of various types of wood panels business. Improvement waste treatment and utilization of resources.
(E) technological advances Strategy
For long, China's low-and middle industries of wood based panels are using low-cost products in the market for competitive advantage. However, accession to the WTO, medium and low head increasingly fierce competition in the wood-based panels, conventional products, profit margins have been compressed to the limit. At the same time, trade protectionism as an inconsistency with WTO long-standing phenomenon in world trade. This will require the number of the industry of wood based panels in the past will be transferred the expansion of the development model to improve the quality of the development track. While technological innovation is the only way to achieve this change.
In the first place. Establish and improve the science group of wood-based industry and technology investment system and improve the technological changes in the proportion of investment in fixed assets, expansion of funding channels, increase capital investment and technological progress: Second, backward equipment regularly modified or removed, and continuously improve the team, the level of automation to ensure that the products low input, low cost and high performance. Third, appropriate adjustments to production processes. Promote full use of wood increased: four of plywood in the construction market is the increasing application of efforts to develop and expand areas of application. Great efforts to develop natural alternatives of large diameter timber board-level type, the functional structure and more of the species with the Board to promote industrial upgrading, 5 is to increase the capacity of independent innovation as the central link in readjusting the industrial structure. improvement of industrial technology, establish a business-oriented, market-oriented, combining the technology production and research
The innovation of the system and greatly improve the original innovation, integrated innovation capacity and the introduction digestion and absorption capacity to innovate. Increase the technology industry as a whole.
Specific strategies include: business model Small – Due to technical weakness, you can use, "the introduction, digestion, absorption, re-innovation" model to avoid passive situation. mid-size models – due to technical force, strong capital Deng Jun force small businesses, universities, research institutes and the basis of scientific research to achieve a common form of independent innovation. large-scale business model – creating a center of innovation. abundant capital companies introduce international advanced experimental equipment and high scientific and technical level to provide the conditions for experimental conditions R's own business and team development, maturity and growth, companies can carry out original research, the development of the leading companies new products, new processes through the application of patents to form national or international companies a single IP. and therefore the formation of partnerships non-tradable and non-imitation of the unique competitive advantage.
(6) Green Development Strategy
Today, many of our panel products low-quality wood-based, inexpensive, waste resources, pollute the environment. Has seriously hampered the growth of export trade. It poses risks to environmental protection. In the international market in order to maintain market share. In addition to the State continue to improve the mechanism of the environment, giving appropriate preferential treatment. The strategy of the company itself but also to make necessary adjustments. For example, the promotion of organic production, the development of green products for green design. In the production process saving and efficient use of resources and energy. Great efforts to develop environmentally friendly cost, low, high quality, according to international standards of green environment for the wood-based panels.
(Vii) A security system and improve strategy
To protect the international competitiveness of Chinese industry of wood based panels, advocacy, the Government should promptly and to adjust and improve the system of industrial policy. Try to sync with the market changes, to achieve paneled regional distribution companies and more reasonable product structure, from the macro to guide companies with market development development.
First, wood panels business supporting leaders through policies, actively promote the company with a base, the basic mode of operation with farmers to promote wood-based panels industrial scale and specialized, intensive development, the establishment of the Development Fund of the forest industry to promote and support the man-made board major companies to expand production scale and production of quality products famous: through interest payments on loans to support enterprises to improve technology and equipment standards, and increase business expansion and construction raw material forest base to give vent to the main companies and the stimulatory effects of radiation.
The second is to accelerate the pace of adoption of international standards, improve the standard system of wood panels. panels China wood national standards with European and internationally accepted standards, such as the British standard, American standard, Germany standard, regulation Japanese is a gap. Adoption of international standards are Chinese enterprises to participate in international competition in the market needs, but also to break foreign technical barriers to trade an effective tool. Third, give full play the role of trade associations. Companies such as market entities directly involved in national and international free trade. A lot of problems can not be resolved in a single company, and therefore must rely on industry associations.
In summary, to improve the international competitiveness of Chinese industry of wood based panels, it is necessary to consolidate the strengths: Thanks to the collaboration of industry, industry concentration and consolidation of the Group's strategy of cost-price advantage: diversification through trade patterns and the selection export market strategy for the consolidation of the advantage of application: the board of the wood panel industry by developing a new approach for the development of plywood for the wood panel industry, the anchor, the particulate wood panel industry, the new entry point for the development of strategies Election Industry outstanding fundamental competitive advantages; The second is to reverse the current weakness: Based on the strategy of supply of raw materials, strategy to promote business, green strategy and industrial policies to adjust the system to improve or reverse the industry to achieve the purposes of a competitive disadvantage. About the Author
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